Imashini ya Neodymiumni ubwoko bwaisi idasanzweibyo bimaze kumenyekana cyane mu nganda zinyuranye kubera imbaraga zidasanzwe kandi zitandukanye. Iyi magnesi igizwe ahanini na neodymium, fer, na boron, ikora aibikoresho bikomeye bya rukuruziikoreshwa muri byose kuva moteri yamashanyarazi kugeza kuri electronics. Ariko, nubwo izina ryabo, ikibazo kivuka: ese koko magneti ya neodymium ni gake?
Kugirango twumve gake ya magneti ya neodymium, dukeneye kubanza gucengera mubigizerukuruzi zikomeye. Neodymium ni umwe mubagize umuryango wa lanthanide yibintu mumeza yigihe kandi bizwi nkibintu bidasanzwe byisi. Uyu muryango urimo ibintu 17, harimo na neodymium, ntibisanzwe mubijyanye nubwinshi mubutaka bwisi. Mubyukuri, neodymium ni myinshi kuruta umuringa cyangwa isasu, byoroshe kuyikoresha mubikorwa byinganda.
Ijambo "isi idasanzwe" rirashobora kuyobya. Mugihe gukuramo no gutunganya ibyo bintu bishobora kuba bigoye kandi bitangiza ibidukikije, kuboneka kwa neodymium ntabwo kugarukira nkuko izina ribigaragaza. Inkomoko nyamukuru ya neodymium ni amabuye y'agaciro, cyane cyane mu bihugu nk'Ubushinwa, byiganjemo amasoko ku isi. Uku kwibanda ku musaruro bitera impungenge zijyanye no gutanga amasoko hamwe na geopolitiki bigira ingaruka kubitangwa.
Imashini ya Neodymium izwiho imbaraga za magnetique zo murwego rwo hejuru, niyo mpamvu itoneshwa mubikorwa byinshi. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukora magnetique ikomeye mubunini buke butuma biba byiza gukoreshwa muri moteri, generator, na terefone, ndetse nibikoresho byubuvuzi. Isabwa rya magneti ya neodymium ryiyongereye mu myaka yashize, cyane cyane izamuka ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi n’ikoranabuhanga rishobora kongera ingufu, zishingiye cyane kuri izo magneti zikomeye kugira ngo imikorere inoze kandi ikore neza.
Nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane kandi bugenda bwiyongera, ni gake ya magneti ya neodymium iri mubihe byihariye bisabwa kugirango bibyare umusaruro. Igikorwa cyo gukuramo neodymium mu bucukuzi ni imbaraga nyinshi kandi gisaba ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Byongeye kandi, inzira yo gutunganya irashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kubidukikije, biganisha ku mabwiriza akomeye ndetse n’ingorane z’amasoko. Ibi bigoye birashobora gutera ihindagurika kuboneka, bishobora kuganisha ku kumva ko ari gake.
Byongeye kandi, isoko ya magneti ya neodymium yibasiwe nibintu bitandukanye nkibikenewe ku isi, ibiciro by’umusaruro, na politiki y’ubucuruzi. Mu gihe inganda zikomeje gutera imbere ndetse n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rirambye ryiyongera, biteganijwe ko magneti ya neodymium yiyongera. Ibi birashobora gutuma habaho ibura niba umusaruro udahuye nibisabwa, bikarushaho kugorana kuvuga inkuru zidasanzwe.
Muri make, mugihe magnesi ya neodymium igizwe numuryango wisi udasanzwe, ntabwo isanzwe ari gake ukurikije ubwinshi bwayo mubutaka bwisi. Inzitizi zijyanye no kubikuramo no kubyaza umusaruro, kimwe no kwiyongera kubisabwa, byongera imyumvire idasanzwe. Kazoza ka magneti ya neodymium birashoboka ko kazakomeza kugenda gahinduka uko ikoranabuhanga rigenda ritera imbere n’inganda zigahinduka, bikaringaniza ibikenewe kuri izo rukuruzi zikomeye hamwe n’imikorere irambye hamwe n’itangwa ry’itumanaho rihamye. Gusobanukirwa imbaraga za magneti neodymium ningirakamaro mu nganda zibashingiraho, kimwe n’abaguzi bungukirwa n’imikorere yabo isumba izindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-01-2024